Thaib teb yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim tsheb hauv ntiaj teb, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Thaib cov tsheb tsim txhua xyoo yog siab li 1.9 lab tsheb, qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ASEAN; tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv 2022, tag nrho cov export nqi ntawm Thaib teb lub tsheb qhov chaw kev lag luam mus txog 1.31 trillion បាត, nce 8.2%, suav txog li 12.3% ntawm GDP; Tus nqi xa tawm ntawm cov khoom yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ASEAN thiab nyob rau qib 14 hauv ntiaj teb, thiab cov nqi xa tawm ntawm lub tsheb log tsheb tau mus txog qhov thib ob hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias kev lag luam automotive qhov chaw tsim khoom tau txhawb Thaib kom dhau los ua lub hauv paus kev lag luam tsheb niaj hnub.

qhov xwm txheej

Txij li thaum xyoo 1963, tsoomfwv Thaib tau txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tsheb hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Thaum pib, tsoomfwv Thaib tau tsom mus rau kev qhia txog kev ntsuas los txhawb kev nqis peev hauv kev tsim khoom thiab siv cov khoom siv tsheb hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nce nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj rau tag nrho cov tsheb (Complete Built-Up: CBU) thiab ua tiav knock-down (Complete Knock-Down: CKD). Tom qab ntawd, Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam (BOI) tau tshaj tawm cov kev ntsuas xws li kev zam se ntawm cov tuam txhab cov nyiaj tau los thiab kev zam cov khoom lag luam rau cov neeg lag luam txawv teb chaws los tsim cov hauv paus tsim khoom hauv Thaib teb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsoom fwv Thaib kuj tau txiav txim siab qhov feem ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos uas siv rau hauv kev tsim tsheb (cov ntsiab lus hauv zos xav tau: LCR). Qhov kev xav tau no tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom tsim hauv zos nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv pib siv hauv kev tsim cov tsheb thauj neeg Thaib tseem yog siab li 60-80%; ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tsheb thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom mus txog 90%, thiab cov maus taus siv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom hauv zos. Tam sim no, Thaib teb cov ntawv cog lus pub dawb nrog rau lwm lub tebchaws xws li ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), Thaib-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA), thiab Thaib-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) tau ua rau CBU poob thiab CKD imports nrog tus nqi siab dua.

Cov tub lag luam Thaib thiab cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws txuas ntxiv mus nqis peev hauv kev lag luam tsheb hauv Thaib teb. Cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb hauv zos thiab kev koom tes hauv Thaib teb suav nrog Thai Summit Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Sammitr Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Somboon Advance Technology Plc., Thai Auto Pressparts Co., Ltd., thiab lwm yam. uas tau teeb tsa cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Thaib teb suav nrog Bosch, Denso, Magna, Continental, ZF, thiab Aisin Seiki. Ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb yog:

1) Cov khoom siv roj hmab:

Kev cia siab rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj hauv Thaib teb, xws li hoses, siv tawv, fiberglass rims, tsheb log tsheb thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej siv qib siab;

2) Powertrain thiab cav qhov chaw:

Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv sib txuas yog qhov nyuaj thiab tus nqi ntau dua 1/3 ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv (ICE) tsheb. Nws tseem yog pab pawg uas tsoomfwv Thaib txhawb nqa kev tsim khoom hauv tag nrho cov khoom xa khoom, xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov kav dej tso tawm, cov khoom siv roj, cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, lub zog, thiab lwm yam;

3) Electric tsheb:

Tsoomfwv Thaib txhawb nqa kev nqis peev tsheb hluav taws xob hauv daim ntawv pob, yog li cov tuam txhab tsheb maj mam thov kev nqis peev los txhawb kev tsim cov tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom hauv Thaib teb. Cov roj teeb, tshwj xeeb, suav txog li 30% ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob tsheb.

Cov khoom thiab export qauv

Kev lag luam tsheb hauv Thaib teb feem ntau tso siab rau nws cov lag luam hauv tsev, nrog rau kev muag khoom rau 60-70%, muab faib rau hauv tsheb sib dhos (cov khoom siv qub OEM) thiab cov khoom siv tsheb hloov (cov khoom siv hloov REM).

OEM: 30-40% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Thaib teb cov khoom lag luam

Kev nthuav dav nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim tsheb, ntau dua 80% ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv tebchaws Thaib, thiab tus so yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov tuam txhab niam txiv lossis cov tuam txhab niam txiv nyob txawv teb chaws, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (microcontroller chips: MCU) rau kev tswj tsheb. tshuab imported los ntawm Nyiv, thiab internal combustion engine qhov chaw thiab hluav taws xob tsheb qhov chaw imported los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

REM: 60-70% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm Thaib teb cov khoom lag luam

Kev ua lag luam REM loj hlob nyob rau tib qho kev taw qhia raws li cov naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb tau sau npe, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm siv thiab qhov xav tau hloov pauv (cov khoom seem). REM muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm, suav nrog cov neeg muag khoom / cov chaw muag tsheb kho cov chaw pabcuam, cov khw muag khoom pib thiab cov khw muag khoom, thiab cov khw kho tsheb. Hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, REM suav txog 10-20% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, feem ntau yog los ntawm Nyiv (suav txog 43% ntawm tag nrho REM qhov chaw imports), nrog rau Tuam Tshoj (17. %) thiab Tebchaws Meskas (8%).

Cov khoom xa tawm suav txog 30-40% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom lag luam, ntawm cov khoom OEM suav nrog 80-85% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm thiab REM qhov chaw suav txog 15-20%. Cov khoom tseem ceeb xa tawm los ntawm Thaib teb yog cov cav, cov hlua khi, lub cev, iav, iav, cov log tsheb thiab cov roj hmab.

Thaib tau suav tias yog lub tebchaws muaj kev sib tw loj hauv kev lag luam tsheb thoob ntiaj teb. Nws siv cov saw hlau xa khoom kom ua tiav kev lag luam ntawm nplai thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim tau lees paub los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Thaib teb kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tsim hauv ntiaj teb. Xyoo 2021, Thaib teb cov khoom xa tawm (txhua hom) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ASEAN thiab nyob qib 14 hauv ntiaj teb. Cov khoom xa tawm tseem ceeb yog cov tsheb log tsheb (thib ob hauv ntiaj teb), lwm qhov chaw maus taus (tsis suav cov cav thiab cov log tsheb) (qib qib 3), cav (qib qeb 13) thiab lwm yam tsheb (tsis suav cov cav thiab cov log tsheb) (qib qib 15). Feem ntau ntawm Thaib cov tsheb raug xa tawm mus rau ASEAN lub hauv paus tsim tsheb, xws li Indonesia, Malaysia, Nyab Laj thiab Philippines, uas suav nrog 22% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm, tom qab ntawd Tebchaws Meskas (22%) thiab Nyiv (9%). ).